Medication Adherence of Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia : A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

Cheong Lieng Teng; Chun Wai Chan; Pei Se Wong

doi:10.15605/jafes.037.01.14

Authors

Cheong Lieng Teng International Medical University, Seremban Campus, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-0405
Chun Wai Chan International Medical University, Seremban Campus, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Pei Se Wong International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.037.01.14

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus, medication adherence, Malaysia, scoping review

Abstract

Objective. This is a scoping review of Malaysian scientific studies on medication adherence among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methodology. We conducted a bibliographic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “medication adherence,” “drug compliance,” “DMTAC” and “Malaysia.” The search covered all publications up to 31 December 2021. Eligible articles were original studies conducted in Malaysia that measured or quantified medication adherence among persons with T2DM.

Results. We identified 64 eligible studies published between 2008 to 2021. Most studies included patients with T2DM in ambulatory facilities. Five studies were qualitative research. The quantitative research publications included clinical trials, and cross-sectional, validation, retrospective and prospective cohort studies. Thirty-eight studies used medication adherence scales. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8, used in 20 studies) and Malaysian Medication Adherence Scale (MALMAS, used in 6 studies) were the most commonly used tools. There were six validation studies with four medication adherence scales. A meta-analysis of 10 studies using MMAS-8 or MALMAS revealed that the pooled prevalence of low medication adherence is 34.2% (95% CI: 27.4 to 41.2, random effects model). Eighteen publications evaluated various aspects of the Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinics (DMTAC).

Conclusion. This scoping review documented extensive research on medication adherence among persons with diabetes in Malaysia. The quantitative meta-analysis showed a pooled low medication adherence rate.

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Author Biographies

Cheong Lieng Teng, International Medical University, Seremban Campus, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Department of Family Medicine

Chun Wai Chan, International Medical University, Seremban Campus, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Department of Family Medicine

Pei Se Wong, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia

Teaching and Learning, School of Pharmacy

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