PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ON HOSPITAL OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN OSPITAL NG MAKATI

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Each component of the metabolic syndrome raises the risk of coronary artery disease. Several studies among different ethnic groups showed a 26-66% prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, varying results were reported regarding its impact on various hospital outcomes. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Filipino patients with acute myocardial infarction and study its impact on mortality, reinfarction, arrhythmia, heart failure and length of hospital stay.

METHODOLOGY
We conducted a cross sectional study among adult patients with acute myocardial infarction in Ospital ng Makati from March 2018 - Aug 2018. We classified patients with AMI as having metabolic syndrome based on the NCEP: ATP III 2001 and Harmonizing Definition criteria. We collected information on in-hospital outcomes such as Killip score, length of hospital stay, mortality, reinfarction and arrhythmia.

RESULTS
A total of 133 patients were included in this study. About 65% or 87/133 of the patients with AMI had metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome were mostly females, had larger waist circumference, higher fasting triglyceride, higher fasting blood sugar, and almost all were hypertensive. On the other hand, age, type of AMI, and HDL cholesterol level did not significantly differ between the two groups. The odds of dying among those with metabolic syndrome was 15% higher than among those without the syndrome. Furthermore, patients with metabolic syndrome were 2.5 and 1.1 times more likely to experience reinfarction and arrhythmia, respectively, than those without. However, all the odds ratios were not significant at the 0.05 significance level.

CONCLUSION
Our study confirmed the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Filipino patients with AMI. The most common component of MetS was hypertension while the least common component was hypertriglyceridemia. Although not statistically significant at alpha 0.05, metabolic syndrome is associated with severe heart failure, higher mortality rate, reinfarction and arrhythmia among patients with AMI.