CORRELATION OF VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX AND TRIGLYCERIDE INDEX WITH TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG URBAN POPULATIONS

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The early detection of individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome can prevent the development of CVD. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a non-imaging marker of visceral adiposity and is reportedly beneficial in predicting MetS and CVDs. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as a reliable alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR) and is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to determine the correlation of VAI and TyG index with risk factors of CVD and MetS.

METHODOLOGY
Subjects were taken from Lipid and Diabetes Study data in Makassar, South of Sulawesi, aged 18-70 y.o that met inclusion criteria. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol, and FPG were examined. Fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dl is defined as prediabetes, while FPG ≥126 mg/dl is diagnosed as diabetes. The NCEP-ATP III guidelines modified for Asian was used for diagnosing MetS. The visceral adiposity index is divided into quartiles and the 4th quartile is considered high-risk. TyG index ≥4.49 was considered as high risk. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association of VAI and TyG with risk factors of CVD and MetS, p <0.05 defined as statistical significance.

RESULTS
A total of 2737 subjects were included in this study, consisting of 741 (27.1%) males and 1996 (72.9%) females with a mean age of 45.07 ± 12.15 years old. There was a statistically significant relationship between TyG index and age >45 yo (p = 0.000), smoking status (p = 0.001), central obesity (p = 0.000), hypertension (p = 0.000) and diabetes (p = 0.000). The number of MetS is increased in the high TyG index group with OR 8.416 (95% CI: 6.344 -11.164, p = 0.000). Visceral adiposity index was correlated with age >45 yo (p = 0.000), central obesity (p = 0.000), hypertension (p = 0.003), and diabetes (p = 0.000). Metabolic syndrome is increased in the highest VAI group with OR 13.715 (95% CI:11.133-16.896, p = 0.000).

CONCLUSION
The VAI and TyG index showed a positive correlation with traditional risk factors of CVD and MetS, indicating that VAI and TyG index might be useful as screening tools for MetS.