Treatment Outcome of a β-hCG Secreting Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor in an Adult Filipino using Definitive Chemotherapy followed by Radiotherapy
A Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.037.01.12Keywords:
Germ cell tumors (GCTs), germinoma, β hCG, hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidusAbstract
We report a case of a 24-year-old Filipino male who complained of general weakness, polydipsia, weight loss, bitemporal headaches, loss of libido and behavioral changes. Endocrine work-up revealed neurogenic diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism. Brain MRI showed multiple intracranial tumors in the left frontal lobe, pineal and suprasellar region with moderate non-communicating hydrocephalus. Intracranial mass biopsy with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting was done. Histopathology of the mass and CSF revealed a germinoma. He underwent chemoradiotherapy while on maintenance hormone replacement.
Downloads
References
Echevarría ME, Fangusaro J, Goldman S. Pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors: A review. Oncologist. 2008;13(6):690-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18586924. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0037
Makino K, Nakamura H, Yano S, Kuratsu J, Kumamoto Brain Tumor Group. Population-based epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(8):1029-34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20349186. https://doi.org10.1007/s00381-010-1126-x.
Wong TT, Ho DM, Chang KP, et al. Primary pediatric brain tumors: Statistics of Taipei VGH, Taiwan (1975-2004). Cancer. 2005;104(10):2156-67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16220552. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21430.
Cho KT, Wang KC, Kim SK, Shin SH, Chi JG, Cho BK. Pediatric brain tumors: Statistics of SNUH, Korea (1959-2000). Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18(1-2):30-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-001-0547-y.
Villano JL, Virk IY, Ramirez V, Propp JM, Engelhard HH, McCarthy BJ. Descriptive epidemiology of central nervous system germ cell tumors: Nonpineal analysis. Neuro Oncol. 2010;12(3):257-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20167813. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940596. https://doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nop029.
Rickert CH, Paulus W. Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in childhood and adolescence based on the new WHO classification. Childs Nerv Syst. 2001;17(9):503-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11585322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003810100496.
De Leon JA, Khu KO. Five-year review of pineal region tumors at the Philippine General Hospital. Philipp J Surg Spec. 2017;72(1):12-9.
Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 2007;114(2):97-109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17618441. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1929165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-007-0243-4.
Bromberg JE, Baumert BG, de Vos F, Gijtenbeek JM, Kurt E, Westermann AM. Primary intracranial germ-cell tumors in adults: A practical review. J Neurooncol. 2013;113(2):175-83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23526409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-013-1114-6.
Matsutani M, Sano K, Takakura K, et al. Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: A clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(3):446-55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9046301. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1997.86.3.0446
Sethi RV, Marino R, Niemierko A, Tarbell NJ, Yock TI, MacDonald SM. Delayed diagnosis in children with intracranial germ cell tumors. J Pediatr. 2013;163(5):1448-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23896184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.024.
Crawford JR, Santi MR, Vezina G, Myseros JS, Keating RF, LaFond DA, et al. CNS germ cell tumor (CNSGCT) of childhood: Presentation and delayed diagnosis. Neurology. 2007;68(20):1668-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17502547. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000261908.36803.ac.
Osorio DS, Allen JC. Management of CNS germinoma. CNS Oncol. 2015;4(4):273-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26118663. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6088312. https://doi.org/10.2217/cns.15.13.
Kamoshima Y, Sawamura Y. Update on current standard treatments in central nervous system germ cell tumors. Curr Opin Neurol. 2010;23(6):571-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20885323. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833ff522.
Jorsal T, Rørth M. Intracranial germ cell tumours. A review with special reference to endocrine manifestations. Acta Oncol. 2012;51(1):3-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22150165. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2011.586000.
Yang WP, Chien HY, Lin YC. β-human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting intracranial germ-cell tumor associated with high testosterone in an adult man: A case report. Oncol Lett. 2017;14(1):1129-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693284. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494684. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6213.
Nagi DK, Jones WG, Belchetz PE. Gynaecomastia caused by a primary mediastinal seminoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(4):545-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7514514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02496.x.
Lefebvre H, Laquerriere A, Cleret JM, Kuhn JM. A hCG-secreting testicular seminoma revealed by male infertility: Mechanism of hCG-evoked endocrine disturbances. Andrologia. 1993;25(5):283-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8250292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02726.x.
Djaladat H, Nichols C, Daneshmand S. Androgen-producing testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(21):e634-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21606422. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.35.1965.
Tian C, Shi Q, Pu C, et al. Re-evaluation of the significance of cerebrospinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin in detecting intracranial ectopic germinomas. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18(2):223-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21163658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.04.041.
Kortmann RD. Current concepts and future strategies in the management of intracranial germinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2014;14(1):105-19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24224870. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737140.2014.856268.
Bamberg M, Kortmann RD, Calaminus G, et al. Radiation therapy for intracranial germinoma: Results of the German cooperative prospective trials MAKEI 83/86/89. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(8):2585-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10561326. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.8.2585.
Fetcko K, Dey M. Primary central nervous system germ cell tumors: A review and update. Med Res Arch. 2018;6(3):1719. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271875. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6157918. https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v6i3.1719.
Lim DH, Yoo KH, Lee NH, et al. Intensive chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose radiotherapy for biopsy-proven CNS germinoma with elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. J Neurooncol. 2014;117(2):279-85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24488445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1381-x.
Kellie SJ, Boyce H, Dunkel IJ, et al. Primary chemotherapy for intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors: Results of the second international CNS germ cell study group protocol. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(5):846-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14990640. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.07.006.
da Silva NS, Cappellano AM, Diez B, et al. Primary chemotherapy for intracranial germ cell tumors: Results of the third international CNS germ cell tumor study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;54(3):377-83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20063410. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22381.
Calaminus G, Frappaz D, Kortmann RD, et al. Outcome of patients with intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumors-lessons from the SIOP-CNS-GCT-96 trial. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19(12):1661–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048505. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5716085. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nox122.
Calaminus G, Kortmann R, Worch J, et al. SIOP CNS GCT 96: Final report of outcome of a prospective, multinational nonrandomized trial for children and adults with intracranial germinoma, comparing craniospinal irradiation alone with chemotherapy followed by focal primary site irradiation for patients with localized disease. Neuro Oncol. 2013;15(6):788-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23460321. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661100. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/not019.
Lee JH, Woo IS, Cho YY, et al. Successful treatment of intracranial germ cell tumor: Report of two unusual cases and literature review. Case Rep Oncol. 2015;8(3):520-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26668575. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677715. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441837.
Wong J, Goddard K, Laperriere N, et al. Long term toxicity of intracranial germ cell tumor treatment in adolescents and young adults. J Neurooncol. 2020;149(3):523-532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33034840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-020-03642-1.
Bolocan A, Socea B, Paduraru DN, et al. Pineal germinoma – hypogonadism issues. Arch Balk Med Union. 2019;54(4): 771-5. https://doi.org/10.31688/ABMU.2019.54.4.25.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. (full license at this link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode).
To obtain permission to translate/reproduce or download articles or use images FOR COMMERCIAL REUSE/BUSINESS PURPOSES from the Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies, kindly fill in the Permission Request for Use of Copyrighted Material and return as PDF file to jafes@asia.com or jafes.editor@gmail.com.
A written agreement shall be emailed to the requester should permission be granted.